Femoro-Acetabular Impingement (FAI)
FAI is a hip joint disorder caused by abnormal bone growth, leading to irregular contact between the acetabulum (hip socket) and the femoral head (hip ball). This results in hip impingement during movement, causing pain and discomfort, often in young, active individuals.
Types of FAI
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CAM Impingement: Abnormal shape of the femoral head.
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Pincer Impingement: Abnormal shape of the acetabulum.
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Combination: Both types can occur together.
Over time, FAI can lead to further damage, such as labral tears and osteoarthritis.
Symptoms
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Groin pain (most common)
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Pain on the outside of the hip joint
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Sharp pain with twisting, turning, or squatting
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Clicking or catching sensations in the hip
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Stiffness and reduced flexibility
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Limping
Diagnosis
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Physical Exam: Includes hip range of motion tests (e.g., FADIR test).
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Imaging: X-rays reveal abnormal bone shape, while an MRI shows soft tissue damage like labral tears. A hip injection can confirm the source of pain.
TREATMENT
01. NON-SURGICAL TREATMENTS
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Activity Modifications: Avoid activities that worsen symptoms, such as deep hip flexion.
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Physical Therapy: Focus on strengthening hip muscles, improving flexibility, and correcting biomechanics.
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Medications: Anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for pain relief.
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Injections Corticosteroids: Reduce inflammation and provide temporary symptom relief.
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Hyaluronic Acid or PRP: Occasionally used for joint lubrication or tissue healing, though evidence is limited.
02. SURGICAL OPTIONS
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Hip Arthroscopy: Minimally invasive procedure to reshape the femoral head or acetabulum and repair labral tears.
03. REHABILITATION POST-TREATMENT
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Gradual return to normal activities with a focus on restoring strength, mobility, and joint function.
04. KEY CONSIDERATIONS
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Treatment choice depends on the severity of symptoms, joint damage, and patient goals. Early diagnosis and intervention improve long-term outcomes and reduce the risk of osteoarthritis.